Pharmacy Study Material

Free pharmacy material Insulin and Oral Hypoglycaemic Agents INTRODUCTION The pancreas contains at least four different types of endocrine cells, including A (alpha, glucagon-producing), B (beta, insulin-producing), D (delta, somatostatin-producing), and F (PP, pancreatic polypeptide-producing). Of these, the B cells are predominant. The most common pancreatic disease requiring pharmacologic therapy is diabetes mellitus, a deficiency of insulin production or effect. Type-I diabetes occurs when the pancreas cannot produce insulin, a hormone essential for moving glucose from the blood into cells. It is an autoimmune disorder, in which the body makes antibodies that attack the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. It is usually diagnosed in children and young adults, and was called juvenile diabetes. People with type-I diabetes must supply insulin by injection. Type-II diabetes is the most common disorder. In this, either the body does not produce enough insulin or the ce...