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Sulphonamides, Sulphones, and Dihydrofolate Reductase Inhibitors

Free pharmacy material Sulphonamides, Sulphones, and Dihydrofolate Reductase Inhibitors The sulphonamides are synthetic bacteriostatic antibiotics with a wide spectrum against most gram-positive and many gram-negative organisms. The sulphonamides and sulphone antibacterials as well as the 2,4-diaminopyrimidine antifolates continue to be successful chemotherapeutic agents. 24.1 SULPHONAMIDES The sulphonamide drugs were the first effective chemotherapeutic agents to be employed systemically for the prevention of bacterial infections in human beings. These are totally synthetic substances that are produced by relatively simple chemical synthesis. Sulphonamide drugs are a group of synthetic antimicrobial drugs that have a broad spectrum of use with respect to grampositive as well as gram-negative micro-organisms. They were introduced into medical practice even before the discovery of penicillins. Sulphonamide drugs are derivatives of sulphanilamide. The advent of penicillin and s
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Gout| Treatment of gout|Pharmacology of Gout

Free pharmacy material Gout It is a disease characterized by elevated serum uric acid level. Uric acid has low water solubility and gets precipitated in the joints, kidney and subcutaneous . Secondary hyperuricemia may result due to excessive production (breakdown of proteins and nucleic acids during cancer chemotherapy) or decreased excretion (due to the use of thiazides, loop diuretics, ethambutol, clofibrate etc.) of uric acid. Acute gout It is manifested as severe inflammation of joints (due to precipitation of uric acid crystals) • NSAIDs like indomethacin are drug of choice due to better tolerability. Aspirin is not used as it may cause hyperuricemia. Tolmetin is not effective. • Colchicine is more effective and faster acting than NSAIDs but is used rarely due to its high toxicity. It acts by inhibiting granulocyte migration into the inflamed joint. It causes metaphase arrest (other drugs causing metaphase arrest are vinca alkaloids, ixabepilone and taxanes

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