Pharmacy Study Material

Free pharmacy material Quinolone Antibacterials .1 INTRODUCTION Quinolones constitute a large class of synthetic antimicrobial agents that are highly effective in the treatment of many types of infectious diseases, particularly those caused by bacteria. Quinolones are potent, broad-spectrum antibacterial agents. The early congeners (non-fluorinated at C-6 like nalidixic acid) were limited to certain gram-negative infections such as urinary tract infections. However, the modern generation of fluoroquinolones containing C-6 fluoro substituent and a cyclic basic amine moiety at C-7 surpass their predecessors in terms of spectrum of activity and potency. This has allowed for their use against a variety of gram-negative as well as some gram-positive pathogens. Quinolones are relatively easily prepared and easily administered via parenteral and oral routes, and are well tolerated. 25.2 STRUCTURES OF FLUOROQUINOLONES 25.3 MECHANISM OF ACTION Quinolones inhibit the action of b...

Free pharmacy material Sulphonamides, Sulphones, and Dihydrofolate Reductase Inhibitors The sulphonamides are synthetic bacteriostatic antibiotics with a wide spectrum against most gram-positive and many gram-negative organisms. The sulphonamides and sulphone antibacterials as well as the 2,4-diaminopyrimidine antifolates continue to be successful chemotherapeutic agents. 24.1 SULPHONAMIDES The sulphonamide drugs were the first effective chemotherapeutic agents to be employed systemically for the prevention of bacterial infections in human beings. These are totally synthetic substances that are produced by relatively simple chemical synthesis. Sulphonamide drugs are a group of synthetic antimicrobial drugs that have a broad spectrum of use with respect to grampositive as well as gram-negative micro-organisms. They were introduced into medical practice even before the discovery of penicillins. Sulphonamide drugs are derivatives of sulphanilamide. The advent of penicillin and s...